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Typhoon Haiyan, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Yolanda, was one of the strongest tropical cyclones ever recorded, devastating portions of Southeast Asia, particularly the Philippines, in early-November 2013. It is the deadliest Philippine typhoon recorded in modern history, killing at least 6,300 people in that country alone.〔 Haiyan is also the strongest storm recorded at landfall, and the second-strongest tropical cyclone ever recorded in terms of one-minute sustained wind speed.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Haiyan's JTWC Best Track )〕 The thirtieth named storm of the 2013 Pacific typhoon season, Haiyan originated from an area of low pressure several hundred kilometers east-southeast of Pohnpei in the Federated States of Micronesia on November 2, 2013. Tracking generally westward, environmental conditions favored tropical cyclogenesis and the system developed into a tropical depression the following day. After becoming a tropical storm and being given the name ''Haiyan'' at 0000 UTC on November 4, the system began a period of rapid intensification that brought it to typhoon intensity by 1800 UTC on November 5. By November 6, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) assessed the system as a Category 5-equivalent super typhoon on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale; the storm passed over the island of Kayangel in Palau shortly after attaining this strength. After that, it continued to intensify; at 1200 UTC on November 7, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) upgraded the storm's maximum ten-minute sustained winds to 230 km/h (145 mph), the highest in relation to the cyclone. The Hong Kong Observatory put the storm's maximum ten-minute sustained winds at 285 km/h (180 mph),〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Tropical Cyclones in 2013 )〕 prior to landfall in the central Philippines, while the China Meteorological Administration estimated the maximum two-minute sustained winds at the time to be around . At 1800 UTC, the JTWC estimated the system's one-minute sustained winds to , making Haiyan the second-strongest tropical cyclone ever recorded based on one-minute sustained wind speed (subsequently surpassed by Hurricane Patricia of 2015); several others have recorded lower central pressure readings.〔 Several hours later, the eye of the cyclone made its first landfall in the Philippines at Guiuan, Eastern Samar. Gradually weakening, the storm made five additional landfalls in the country before emerging over the South China Sea. Turning northwestward, the typhoon eventually struck northern Vietnam as a severe tropical storm on November 10. Haiyan was last noted as a tropical depression by the JMA the following day. The cyclone caused catastrophic destruction in the Visayas, particularly on Samar and Leyte, Cebu, Capiz, Negros, and Northern Iloilo. According to UN officials, about 11 million people have been affected – many have been left homeless. ==Meteorological history== (詳細はJoint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) began monitoring a broad low-pressure area about 425 kilometers (265 miles) east-southeast of Pohnpei, one of the states in the Federated States of Micronesia. Moving through a region favoring tropical cyclogenesis, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) classified the developing system as a tropical depression early on November 3. Subsequent intensification resulted in the JMA upgrading the system to a tropical storm and assigning it the name ''Haiyan'' (''1330'', ) at 0000 UTC on November 4.〔 Tracking generally westward along the southern periphery of a subtropical ridge, rapid intensification ensued by November 5 as a central dense overcast with an embedded eye began developing; the JMA classified Haiyan as a typhoon later that day.〔 By November 6, the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) assigned the storm the local name ''Yolanda'' as it approached their area of responsibility. Intensification slowed somewhat during the day, though the JTWC estimated the storm to have attained Category 5-equivalent super typhoon status on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale around 1200 UTC. Later, the eye of the typhoon passed over the island of Kayangel in Palau.〔 Around 1200 UTC on November 7, Haiyan attained ten-minute sustained winds of and a maximum intensity (lowest barometric pressure) of 895 mbar (hPa; 26.43 inHg).〔 Six hours later, the JTWC estimated Haiyan to have attained one-minute sustained winds of and gusts up to . The storm displayed some characteristics of an annular tropical cyclone, though a strong convective band remained present along the western side of the system.〔 At 2040 UTC on November 7, Typhoon Haiyan made landfall in Guiuan, Eastern Samar at peak intensity with ten-minute sustained winds of 230 km/h (145 mph) as measured by PAGASA. The JTWC's estimate of one-minute sustained winds of 315 km/h (195 mph) made Haiyan the most powerful storm ever recorded to strike land in terms of one-minute sustained winds.〔 Interaction with land caused slight degradation of the storm's structure, though it remained an exceptionally powerful storm when it struck Tolosa, Leyte around 2300 UTC. The typhoon made four additional landfalls as it traversed the Visayas: Daanbantayan, Bantayan Island, Concepcion, and Busuanga Island. A weakened Haiyan, with its core disrupted by interaction with the Philippines, emerged over the South China Sea late on November 8. Environmental conditions ahead of the storm soon became less favorable, as cool stable air began wrapping into the western side of the circulation. Continuing across the South China Sea, Haiyan turned more northwesterly late on November 9 and through November 10 as it moved around the southwestern edge of the subtropical ridge previously steering it westward. Rapid weakening ensued as Haiyan approached its final landfall in Vietnam, ultimately striking the country near Haiphong around 2100 UTC as a severe tropical storm.〔 Once onshore, the storm quickly diminished and was last noted as it dissipated over Guangxi Province, China during November 11.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Typhoon Haiyan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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